Understanding Your Options: Effective Treatment for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is something many women grapple with, that no one really talks about. It happens when the pelvic organs (including the bladder, uterus or rectum) drop, or prolapse, from their place and press against the wall of the vagina because of weak or stretched pelvic floor muscles. This commonly causes symptoms such as feeling a bulge in the vagina, lower abdominal pain, leaking urine, and difficulty with bowel movements.
Common causes include childbirth (especially vaginal deliveries), ageing, obesity, chronic cough, and heavy lifting. While the condition can be upsetting, it’s worth reminding yourself that treatment for pelvic organ prolapse can be very effective, and there are numerous treatment options, from conservative to surgical measures. Whether you have uterine prolapse, cervical prolapse, or rectal prolapse, the right treatment can make a serious difference in quality of life.
Non-Surgical Treatments for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
More and more women are choosing to pursue non-surgical methods, especially those with mild to moderate prolapse.
A. Lifestyle Changes & Pelvic Floor Exercises
Pelvic floor therapy is one of the most successful non-surgical female prolapse treatments there is. Kegel exercises, which cause contraction and relaxation of specific pelvic floor muscles, can strengthen those muscles and prevent the prolapse from getting worse.
Other useful lifestyle changes are:
- Trying to maintain a healthy weight so that there is no extra pressure on your pelvic floor.
- Controlling constipation with high-fibre foods and fluids, to avoid straining.
- Not lifting heavy objects, which can strain weakened muscles.
B. Vaginal Pessaries
A pessary is a small, soft silicone device that is inserted into the vagina to support the prolapsed organ internally. It is available as a ring or Gellhorn pessary and is a good option for women who are looking for a non-invasive option or are not surgical candidates.
Pessaries need to be cleaned and replaced at intervals, but for many women, this may be a useful and viable means of treating symptoms.
Surgical Treatments for Prolapse
If non-surgical treatments fail or if the prolapse is more advanced, you may be offered an operation.
a. Minimally Invasive Surgery
Modern-day surgical procedures provide rapid recovery times and small incision sizes. Laparoscopic (keyhole) operations are a common choice and are often used in uterine prolapse treatment or cervical prolapse treatment. Vaginal repair operations, which may include surgical mesh or stitches, can also strengthen stretched tissues, providing long-lasting solutions.
b. Conventional Treatment Option For Prolapse
In the most extreme cases, traditional surgery might be necessary:
- Uterine prolapse often requires a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) to address.
- Rectopexy, which involves repositioning the rectum and anchoring it, is used to treat rectal prolapse.
- Mesh implants are sometimes an option, but they do pose risks, and you should carefully discuss this with your specialist.
c. Recovery and Post-Operative Care
Recovery usually ranges from 2 to 6 weeks. During this time, patients should refrain from vigorous activity and heavy lifting. Regular clinic visits are important to monitor healing and ensure good results.
Specialised Treatments for Different Types of Prolapse
Treatments depend on the type and grade of prolapse.
a. Uterine & Cervical Prolapse
Less severe cases may be corrected by the use of a pessary. Surgical options include:
- Sacrospinous ligament fixation – suspends and stabilises the uterus.
- Manchester Repair – shortens the cervix as well as supporting the vaginal area.
b. Rectal Prolapse
There are several treatment modalities for rectal prolapse:
- STARR procedure – for internal prolapse.
- Perineal rectosigmoidectomy (Altemeier procedure) – suitable for more severe cases.
c. Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) Followed by Cystocele (Bladder Prolapse)
Pelvic organ prolapse management of cystocele generally consists of an anterior vaginal repair, which reinforces the bladder wall to prevent further prolapse.
Choosing the Right Prolapse Treatment
There are a few things to consider when discovering the right treatment for female prolapse:
- The degree as well as the type of prolapse.
- Your age, overall health, and whether you want to have more children.
- Your own preference – some women wish to avoid surgery, while others prefer a permanent surgical solution.
The best thing to do is to consult a pelvic health specialist to discuss your options and create a plan.
Risks & Complications of Prolapse Treatments
Risk accompanies every treatment, surgical or otherwise.
- Irritation and/or infection can occur with non-surgical approaches, especially with prolonged pessary use.
- Surgical risks include bleeding, infection, or mesh complications (in some cases).
- There is a potential for recurrence, but this can be minimised with proper recovery and pelvic floor care.
Prevention & Long-Term Management
Preventive care and long-term management are essential to avoid recurrence. This includes:
- Continuing pelvic floor exercises.
- Maintaining a healthy weight.
- Treating chronic coughs and constipation.
- Avoiding heavy lifting and excessive strain.
Women who have had a prolapse or are at risk should have regular check-ups.
Conclusion: Finding the Best Prolapse Treatment for You
Uterine Prolapse Treatment and Cervical Prolapse Treatment: There’s no one-size-fits-all solution to uterine prolapse treatment or cervical prolapse treatment. There are many treatment options that can alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life, from lifestyle modifications and pessaries to advanced surgical treatments.
Dealing with the symptoms of prolapse? Call our experts to book an appointment now!
For further information, please see the NHS Prolapse Treatment Guide.
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