Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a form of depression that occurs at the same time each year, most commonly during the autumn and winter months when daylight hours are reduced. As a subtype of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with a seasonal pattern, SAD can significantly impact an individual’s emotional well-being, daily functioning, and overall quality of life.

At Chase Lodge Hospital, our expert mental health specialists provide comprehensive assessments, personalised treatment plans, and ongoing support to help individuals manage SAD effectively.

Types of Seasonal Affective Disorder

SAD presents in two main forms:

1. Winter-Onset SAD:

• • The most prevalent type, with symptoms emerging in autumn and persisting throughout winter.
  • Often linked to reduced sunlight exposure, leading to mood disturbances.

2. Summer-Onset SAD:

• • Less common but still significant.
  • Symptoms appear in spring or early summer and continue into the warmer months.

What Causes SAD?

While the exact causes of SAD are not fully understood, several key factors may contribute to its development:

• Circadian Rhythm Disruption: Reduced sunlight exposure can interfere with the body’s internal biological clock, affecting sleep, energy levels, and mood.
• Serotonin Imbalance: A deficiency in serotonin, a neurotransmitter responsible for regulating mood, may lead to symptoms of depression.
• Melatonin Production: Changes in light exposure can alter melatonin levels, affecting sleep cycles and emotional stability.
• Genetic and Psychological Factors: A family history of depression or past episodes of SAD may increase the risk.

Recognising the Symptoms

The symptoms of SAD closely resemble those of major depression but follow a recurring seasonal pattern. These may include:

• Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or worthlessness.
• Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed.
• Low energy and constant fatigue.
• Sleep disturbances, including excessive sleeping or insomnia.
• Changes in appetite, often leading to weight gain or cravings for carbohydrates.
• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions.
• Social withdrawal or increased irritability.
• In severe cases, thoughts of self-harm or suicide.

Diagnosis and Assessment at Chase Lodge Hospital

At Chase Lodge Hospital, our highly trained psychiatrists and psychologists conduct thorough assessments to diagnose SAD accurately. This includes:

• A detailed clinical interview to explore symptoms, their seasonal patterns, and their impact on daily life.
• A review of medical and psychiatric history to rule out other potential conditions.
• Psychological evaluations to develop a personalised treatment approach.

Treatment Options at Chase Lodge Hospital

SAD is a treatable condition, and with the right care, individuals can significantly improve their quality of life. Our hospital offers a range of evidence-based treatment options, including:

1. Light Therapy (Phototherapy):

• • Exposure to bright light using a specialised light box to regulate circadian rhythms and improve mood.
  • One of the most effective treatments for winter-onset SAD.

2. Medication:

• • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or other antidepressants may be prescribed to help manage depressive symptoms.

3. Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT):

• • A structured form of therapy designed to help individuals challenge negative thought patterns and develop healthier coping strategies.
  • Particularly effective in preventing SAD relapse.

4. Lifestyle and Nutritional Guidance:

• • Encouraging outdoor activities and increased sunlight exposure.
  • Developing healthy sleep routines and engaging in regular exercise.
  • Dietary modifications to support overall mental well-being.

5. Support Services and Holistic Care:

• • Case management and vocational rehabilitation to support long-term recovery.
  • Mindfulness-based interventions and stress management techniques.