Sprains and Strains – Symptoms, Differences, and Treatment
Some of the most common musculoskeletal injuries that people of all ages (especially people who have an active lifestyle and participate in sports) experience are sprains and strains. Although these may appear to be minor injuries, they can have major impairments to ambulation and daily living activities if managed improperly.
Whether that’s from landing wrong in a game of football or lifting something too heavy, knowing the type of injury you have is key to getting back on the road to recovery. This blog will serve only to explain the difference between a sprain and a strain, give symptoms and provide the best treatment and prevention methods.
Define Sprain and Strain
A sprain is an injury to a ligament — the tough, fibrous tissue that connects bones at a joint. Sprains typically result from a sudden bend or a blow that stretches or tears the ligament. A classic general example is an ankle sprain, which can occur when the foot turns awkwardly.
In contrast, a strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon — the tissue that connects muscles to bones. Strains are usually a result of overextension or overuse. A common example is a hamstring pull, which you may experience if you’re a runner or another athlete and you pointlessly go speeding off.
Difference Between Sprain and Strain
Although sprains and strains are often confused, they affect different parts of the body. Here’s a simple comparison:
Sprain | Strain |
Affects ligaments | Affects muscles or tendons |
Caused by twists or falls | Caused by overstretching/overuse |
Common in ankles and wrists | Common in back and hamstrings |
May cause joint instability | May cause muscle weakness |
Both injuries can cause pain and swelling, but understanding the affected tissue is key to appropriate treatment.
Signs and Symptoms of Strains and Sprains
Here’s what to look for, as catching the signs early can stop things from progressing further:
Sprain Symptoms:
- Inflammation and discolouration of the skin near the joint
- Pain on motion or weight-bearing
- Joint instability
- A “pop” at the time the injury occurred
Strain Symptoms:
- Pain at the muscle (or tendon) site
- Muscle spasms or cramping
- Weakness and stiffness
- Limited range of motion
In more severe cases, your GP or a specialist might advise on imaging — such as an X-ray to rule out or confirm fractures, or in some cases an MRI to identify the level of damage to your soft tissue.
Common Causes of Sprains and Strains
These wounds can happen during simple activity or exercise:
Sprains:
- Slipping on wet surfaces
- Sports landings and uncomfortable falls
- Rotating to change direction with a jerky movement
Strains:
- Heavy lifting with improper form
- Overuse or repetitive movement
- Poor flexibility or fatigue
Risk factors can also include poor conditioning, bad posture, and unsuitable footwear.
Best Treatment for Sprains and Strains
The most common initial treatment for both is the R.I.C.E. method:
- Rest: Avoid using the affected area to prevent additional stress.
- Ice packs: Use a cold pack, 15-20 minutes every 2-3 hours for the first 48 hours.
- Compression: Apply an elastic bandage to reduce swelling.
- Elevation: Keep the injured limb above heart level to minimise swelling.
You can also take non-prescription pain medications, such as ibuprofen, to control pain. Always read the label and ask your pharmacist before taking any medicines.
How to Treat Sprains and Strains (Recovery Plan)
A structured recovery plan helps restore strength and reduces re-injury risk:
- Phase 1 (0–72 hours): Focus on R.I.C.E. Avoid heat or massage, as these can worsen swelling.
- Phase 2 (3 days–2 weeks): Begin gentle mobility and stretching with expert supervision to regain range of motion.
- Phase 3 (2+ weeks): Progress to physical therapy, incorporating balance and strength exercises to support healing.
Do not rush back to full activity—this greatly increases reinjury risk.
When to See a Doctor
While most sprains and strains can be treated at home, seek medical attention if you experience:
- Pain or swelling that does not improve over time
- Loss of feeling or a “pins and needles” sensation
- Inability to bear weight on the joint or move it
- Symptoms persisting beyond 2 weeks
In severe cases (e.g., ligament tears or tendon ruptures), a GP or orthopaedic surgeon may recommend crutches, bracing, or surgery.
Prevention Tips
Preventing injuries comes down to conditioning, awareness, and technique:
- Always warm up thoroughly before exercising.
- Wear appropriate footwear for your activity.
- Improve muscle tone with resistance and flexibility exercises.
- Lift properly and maintain good posture, especially during repetitive tasks.
Small adjustments can significantly reduce injury risk.
Conclusion
Sprains and strains are common but should not be dismissed. Recognising the difference, identifying symptoms early, and following the right treatment plan can speed up recovery.
If you suspect a serious injury or aren’t improving, consult a professional. Book an examination with an expert at Chase Lodge Hospital for a personalised rehabilitation plan—your mobility and health are worth it.
