Understanding Psoriasis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Psoriasis isn’t just a skin problem — it’s a long-term autoimmune condition that affects an estimated million people in the UK. Characterised by red, scaly patches that may itch and be painful, psoriasis can have a big effect on a person’s quality of life. Despite being a prevalent disease, much of the population is not aware of the cause, symptoms, and treatment options available.
Psoriatic arthritis prevention and exacerbation control depend on early detection and effective treatment.
In this post, we will delve into what psoriasis is, its causes, common triggers, various types, symptoms, and the best available treatment options.
What is Psoriasis?
Overview of the Condition
Psoriasis is a long-term autoimmune disease that increases the cycle of skin cell production. While skin cells typically regenerate every 28 to 30 days, psoriasis causes new cells to regenerate the skin’s surface every 3 to 7 days. Cells build up rapidly on the surface of the skin, forming thick, silvery scales and itchy, dry, red patches that are sometimes painful.
These plaques can be raised and red patches of skin, often covered with silvery-white scales. Though psoriasis is a skin disease, it may also cause joint pain (psoriatic arthritis) and has been linked to depression because of its appearance.
Commonly Affected Areas
Although psoriasis can develop anywhere on the body, the following are common locations:
- Elbows and knees
- Scalp
- Lower back
- Face
- Palms and soles
In rare cases, psoriasis can appear in more unusual areas, including the nails, genitals, and even the mouth.
Causes and Triggers of Psoriasis
.1. Immune System Dysfunction
In the autoimmune condition psoriasis, healthy skin cells are attacked by the immune system.
This overactive process causes inflammation and leads to a faster production of skin cells, which causes plaques to develop.
2. Common Triggers
Although the precise cause of psoriasis is unknown, a variety of things can cause and exacerbate flare-ups:
- Strep throat, skin infections, and infections
- Stress (one of the main triggers)
- Cold, dry weather can cause the skin to become dry and sensitive, which exacerbates symptoms.
- Some drugs (beta blockers, lithium, and antimalarial medicines)
3. Genetic Influence
Family history of psoriasis tends to be hereditary. If one parent has psoriasis, a child has about a 10 percent risk of getting it. If both parents carry it, the risk goes up to 50%.
Types of Psoriasis
There are different kinds of psoriasis, and they have different features:
1. Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis (Most Common)
- Symptoms: Red, elevated areas with a white accumulation of dead skin cells.
- Areas affected: Elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back.
2. Guttate Psoriasis
- Associated symptoms: Tiny drop-shaped patches.
- Typical triggers: Frequently precedes streptococcal infection.
3. Inverse Psoriasis
- Symptoms: Smooth, red skin lesions in folds of skin (armpits, groin, under the breast).
- Made worse by: Friction and dampness.
4. Pustular Psoriasis
- Symptoms: Pus-filled white blisters with red skin around them.
- May be focal or multifocal.
5. Erythrodermic Psoriasis (Infrequent and Severe)
- Symptoms: Red rash all over, intense itching, and pain.
- Needs medical help right away.
Symptoms to Watch Out For
1. Physical Symptoms
- Itching, burning, or soreness
- Dry skin, cracked, and bleeding
- Broader or dented nails with grooves or pits
2. Psoriatic Arthritis
30% of patients with psoriasis eventually acquire psoriatic arthritis, leading to:
- Joint pain and stiffness
- Swollen fingers and toes
- Reduced mobility
Early intervention is important to avoid irreversible destruction of the joint.
Diagnosis and When to See a Doctor
1. Diagnostic Methods
- Dermatologist’s physical examination.
- Biopsy of the skin (for cases in which diagnosis is uncertain).
2. Differential Diagnosis
Psoriasis is misunderstood as:
- Eczema
- Fungal infections
- Seborrheic dermatitis
If you experience any of these prolonged red, scaly patches, then you should consult one of the specialists at Chase Lodge Hospital for a proper diagnosis.
Psoriasis Treatment Options
Although there isn’t a cure, the following therapies can help control symptoms:
1. Topical Treatments
- Corticosteroids (decrease inflammation)
- Anti-inflammatory Vitamin D analogues (slow the growth of the skin cells)
- Emollients (prevent dryness/cracking)
2. Systemic Medications
- Suppress the immune system: Methotrexate, Cyclosporine
- Biologics: Specific immune proteins that target the immune system.
3. Phototherapy (Other Than Light Therapy)
- UVB radiation (slows the rate of skin-cell turnover)
- Treatment of the irradiated population under supervision to prevent overexposure
4. Lifestyle Management
- Regular moisturising
- Yoga and meditation seem to be popular for reducing stress.
- Avoid triggers (smoking, drinking, particular foods).
Living with Psoriasis
1. Psychosocial Effects
Psoriasis can erode self-esteem and cause a person to feel anxious or depressed. Support from doctors, friends, and family is important.
2. Support and Resources
- Support groups (Psoriasis Association UK)
- Routine dermatology visits
Conclusion
Psoriasis can be controlled with appropriate treatment and changes to your lifestyle. Prompt evaluation and long-term follow-up can improve overall quality of life.
Think you may have psoriasis? Don’t ignore the symptoms. Contact our experts at Chase Lodge Hospital to make an appointment.
