Pelvic Pain: What You Need to Know
Pelvic pain refers to the pain or discomfort felt in the abdomen below the navel and between the hips. It can develop abruptly (acute) or gradually over time (chronic). Both men and women can experience this condition, though it’s more commonly seen in women because of reproductive factors. Most of the time, the nature and location of the pain are the first clues in making an accurate diagnosis.
Common Causes of Pelvic Pain
Pelvic pain can originate from several areas of the body, which makes diagnosis a challenge. Here are some reasons why:
Aetiology (more frequent in females)
- Endometriosis: When tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside it, which can be very painful, particularly around menstruation, where severe cramping occurs.
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): An infection of the female reproductive organs, typically caused by bacteria and frequently associated with untreated STIs (sexually transmitted infections).
- Ovarian Cysts: A sac of fluid develops in the ovary and may rupture or twist with an accompanying sudden and severe lower abdominal pain.
Gastrointestinal Causes
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): A long-term digestive disorder that causes cramping, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.
- Diverticulitis: Inflammation of small pouches in the colon, which can cause abdominal pain and fever.
Urinary Causes
- Bladder Infections (Cystitis): Normally cause burning with urination, pelvic pressure, and increased frequency of urination.
- Kidney Infections: These are usually more serious and can move up from the bladder to result in pain in the back or side, fever, and nausea.
Musculoskeletal Causes
- Pelvic Floor Muscle Spasms: If the muscles supporting the pelvic organs are tense or not working properly, it can lead to ongoing pain.
- Nerve Pain: Pudendal neuralgia and similar conditions can lead to burning or shooting pain in the pelvic area.
Other Causes
- Hernias: Particularly inguinal hernias, in which part of the intestine bulges through a weak spot in the groin muscles.
- Tumours, pelvic: Whether benign or malignant, may press on other organs or nerves.
- Injury or trauma: Accidents or injuries sustained during sports that impact the pelvis may result in long-term pain.
Symptoms of Pelvic Pain
Symptoms of pelvic pain can vary widely depending on the cause, but might include:
- Dull or sharp throbbing pain
- Cramping or bloating, often confused with menstrual pain
- Flatulence, constipation or diarrhoea
- Nausea and changes in appetite
- Urinating more often or needing to urinate urgently
- Fatigue or just not feeling well
Diagnosis of Pelvic Pain
The diagnosis of pelvic pain starts with taking a thorough medical history and performing a physical exam. Doctors at Chase Lodge Hospital may also ask when the pain happens, how intense it is, and what specific symptoms are present.
Diagnostic tests may include:
- Blood and urine tests to look for evidence of infection or inflammation
- Imaging tests, such as an ultrasound, CT scan or MRI, to examine internal organs and check for abnormalities
Appropriate diagnosis is crucial for effective management. It aids in identifying the underlying cause and excluding serious conditions, including cancers or severe infections.
Treatment Options
“Our treatment is not one-size-fits-all.” Management depends on the cause, chronicity, and severity of the disorder.
Medications
- Over-the-counter painkillers like ibuprofen or paracetamol offer short-term relief.
- Infections such as PID or urinary tract infections are treated with antibiotics.
- Hormonal therapies like contraceptives can be effective for conditions such as endometriosis.
Surgical Options
- Some cases may need surgery, such as ovarian cysts or severe endometriosis that requires excision.
Non-Surgical Therapies
- Pelvic floor physical therapy is very helpful for muscle-related pain.
- Kegel exercises and other pelvic floor exercises can help tone the muscles and reduce discomfort.
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical help if:
- The pain won’t go away, is getting worse, or is affecting your life.
- It’s associated with fever, heavy bleeding, or blood in the stool or urine.
Early intervention not only alleviates symptoms, it can also prevent further complications.
Conclusion
Pelvic pain is a complicated condition with multiple possible causes, some less severe than others. It is important for you and your partner to become familiar with the warning signs and to consult with a doctor if you have any concerns. At Chase Lodge Hospital, we are here to provide the support and care you need through expert diagnosis, treatment, and aftercare. Do not suffer in silence—talk to a doctor today.
