Understanding Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is a prevalent but sometimes unspoken condition that affects millions of women across the UK. Symptoms happen when the pelvic organs (bladder, uterus, rectum) drop and place pressure on the vaginal walls because the muscles holding them up have been stretched or are weak. Technically, POP is not life-threatening, but it can significantly affect your daily comfort, mobility, and quality of life.
It is plain that awareness, along with early detection, is critically important. Because so many women are embarrassed, they ignore the symptoms, but intervention can avert complications and improve survival.
What is Pelvic Organ Prolapse?
Pelvic Organ Prolapse occurs when the muscles and tissues supporting the pelvic organs weaken, and one or more organs drop and bulge into the vagina. They can be mild (no symptoms) or severe (protrusion is noticeable).
Types of POP
- Cystocele – Prolapse of the bladder into the vagina.
- Uterine Prolapse – The uterus drops down into the vagina.
- Rectocele – The rectum protrudes into the vaginal wall.
- Enterocele: This is when the small intestine pushes into the vagina.
There are several different types, each with different symptoms and treatments, so an accurate diagnosis is important.
Causes and Risk Factors
Reduction in the pelvic support system. The laxity of the support structures of the pelvis can be caused by several factors:
- Pregnancy & Childbirth – Simple vaginal childbirth, especially if you have multiple births, can stretch pelvic muscles and cause them to weaken.
- Menopause – Lower levels of oestrogen result in less elasticity of the tissues.
- Being overweight – Carrying extra pounds puts more stress on the pelvic floor.
- Long-term Issues – Conditions such as long-term coughing (from things like smoking or asthma), as well as constipation, can stretch and strain pelvic muscles.
- Pelvic Surgeries – Pelvic support can be impaired post-hysterectomy.
- Genetics – If it runs in the family, you are more likely to have it as well.
Knowledge of these risk factors is useful for prevention and early intervention.
Symptoms to Watch For
POP symptoms differ but may include:
- Perception of a bulge or fullness in the vagina.
- Pelvic pain or pressure that increases with prolonged standing.
- Problems with bladder or bowel emptying.
- Pain during intercourse.
- Backache in the lower back that doesn’t appear to improve with rest.
Symptoms may worsen at the end of the day or after exercise. In case you face any of those, you must consult a doctor.
How is POP Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Pelvic Examination – Prolapse severity is determined by a gynaecologist when you are lying down or straining.
- Imaging Exams: An MRI or ultrasound can give a detailed picture.
- Symptom Review – A conversation about your medical record, lifestyle, and daily hurdles to develop a better treatment.
Treatment Options
The patient’s age, overall health, and severity all influence the course of treatment.
1. Non-Surgical Management
- Pelvic Floor Therapy – Weakened muscles are strengthened through specific exercises (known as Kegels).
- Pessary Devices – Medically, a soft silicone ring inserted into the vagina, which can be removed to support organs if they prolapse. Excellent for women with concerns over surgical methods.
- Changing Habits – Maintaining a healthy weight, not smoking, and not doing heavy lifting can alleviate strain.
2. Surgical Treatment
- Pelvic Reconstruction – Strengthens damaged tissues with stitches or mesh.
- Hysterectomy – When uterine prolapse is advanced, some doctors suggest removal of the uterus.
When to See a Doctor
Don’t disregard symptoms — early evaluation prevents progression of the prolapse. If you notice:
- A vaginal bulge.
- Persistent pelvic discomfort.
- Bladder or bowel dysfunction.
Conclusion
Pelvic Organ Prolapse is a controllable disease, but most women are ashamed of it. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can bring back comfort and confidence. If you are worried that you or your loved one may have POP; it doesn’t have to be scary– contact Chase Lodge Hospital for personalised care from experts who care. Your well-being is worth it.
Schedule an appointment and get your pelvic health back on track.
