Gastroscopy – What You Need to Know
A gastroscopy is an essential diagnostic test to look at the upper part of your digestive system – which includes the oesophagus (gullet), the stomach, and the duodenum. It is an integral part of investigating the cause of symptoms such as chronic indigestion, acid reflux, and stomach pain. Critically, gastroscopy is also useful in identifying more serious issues such as ulceration, inflammation, even cancer – often in its early stages when it can be treated.
What is a Gastroscopy?
Gastroscopy, also known as an upper endoscopy, is a procedure in which a long, thin, flexible tube called an endoscope is passed through the mouth and into the upper digestive tract. At the end of this tube is a small camera that relays real-time images to a monitor. It lets the doctors look at the lining of your oesophagus, stomach, and the beginning of your small bowel (duodenum) for any abnormalities, such as signs of disease or damage. Gastroscopy is the best test to check for organ diseases such as GERD (a flowing back of stomach acid to the oesophagus), peptic ulcers, gastritis, or even Helicobacter pylori infection.
Gastroscopy vs Endoscopy: What’s the Difference?
Gastroscopy is done when the scope goes down through the mouth (though the words and scopes are sometimes used interchangeably). It is called a gastroscopy. Endoscopy is a more general term, which can be used to describe the use of a flexible camera tube to look at organs inside the body. For instance, a colonoscopy is an endoscopy which is used to examine the colon. A gastroscopy, however, only examines the upper GI tract. It is often suggested if symptoms relate to the upper gut, i.e., difficulty in swallowing, prolonged nausea, or unexplained loss of weight.
Gastroscopy Procedure: Step-by-Step
Patients are prepared and must come on an empty stomach for a few hours to have a clear view of the stomach. A local anaesthetic may be sprayed into the back of your throat, and you may also be offered a sedative to help you relax. The endoscope is passed through the mouth and carefully advanced down the oesophagus into the stomach and duodenum. Air is inserted through the scope to expand the stomach, making it easier to see. If needed, tiny instruments can be inserted through the scope to take tissue samples (biopsies). It is generally a fast, painless process that does not involve any invasive measures.
How Long Does a Gastroscopy Take?
The procedure typically takes about 10 to 30 minutes. It may take longer if the doctor takes biopsies or performs other treatments during the procedure. Most people can return home the same day, though this may vary if a sedative was given. Recovery is quick, even with sedation, and patients can usually resume normal activities within 24 hours.
Can a Gastroscopy Detect Cancer?
Yes, a primary role of gastroscopy is to detect cancer. The high-definition camera can identify abnormal tissue, polyps, or ulcers in the upper digestive tract. If anything suspicious is found, a biopsy can be taken for further analysis. It is highly effective in diagnosing oesophageal and stomach cancers early, when they are most treatable.
Gastroscopy Side Effects: What to Expect
Most patients experience only mild side effects, such as a sore throat, bloating from the air used, or slight nausea after anaesthesia. Rare complications may include bleeding or perforation (a small tear in the digestive tract lining). However, serious issues are very uncommon, and most procedures are completed without problems.
After Effects of a Gastroscopy: Recovery Tips
If you were given a sedative, you may feel drowsy and will need someone to take you home. Throat discomfort can last a few hours, so avoid eating or drinking until the numbness wears off to prevent choking. Rest for the remainder of the day and avoid driving or operating machinery if sedated. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience severe heartburn, bloody vomit (resembling coffee grounds), black stools, or signs of a perforation (e.g., sharp abdominal pain).
Conclusion
Gastroscopy is a safe, effective way to investigate upper gastrointestinal symptoms and detect conditions early, from ulcers to cancer. If you have persistent digestive issues, discuss with your GP whether a gastroscopy is needed. For more details, consult trusted sources like the NHS or specialists at Chase Lodge Hospital.
