Understanding Colposcopy and LLETZ: What You Need to Know
Cervical health is a vital aspect of women’s well-being, yet many are unaware of the procedures that help detect and prevent serious conditions like cervical cancer. If you’ve been recommended to have a colposcopy or LLETZ (Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone), you may be wondering what it involves. These procedures are important for detecting and treating abnormal cervical cells before they become cancerous.
If you are worried about your cervical screening results or experiencing symptoms, the best way to find peace of mind and start actively managing your health is by reserving time to speak with a consultant.
What is a Colposcopy?
A colposcopy is a close examination of the cervix (the neck of the womb) with a special type of microscope called a colposcope. It is usually recommended for you if your smear test (cervical screening) has found abnormal cell changes or if you have symptoms such as irregular bleeding. The procedure helps doctors to make that decision.
What Happens During the Procedure?
During a colposcopy:
- You’ll lie on an examination bed, the way you would with a smear test.
- Your vagina is held open with a speculum.
- To highlight any aberrant cells, the physician applies iodine or a vinegar-like solution.
- The special station viewed through the colposcope enlarges the woman’s cervix to better inspect it.
Although some women may experience some discomfort, the experience is usually painless. You can return home the same day, and it often takes ten to twenty minutes.
When is a Biopsy Taken?
If any suspicious areas are seen, the doctor may take a small sample of the tissue (biopsy) and have it tested in a laboratory. A biopsy may create some discomfort or light bleeding, but this is not unusual. Results typically come back after a few weeks, informing the next steps in your care.
What is LLETZ?
LLETZ (Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone) is a treatment to remove abnormal cervical cells. Under general anaesthetic, LLETZ is a simple procedure where the abnormal cells or tissue are removed using a very thin, hot wire. It is also known as LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure) in some parts of the world.
When is LLETZ Recommended?
LLETZ is advised if:
- The results of a biopsy show a high level of aberrant cells (CIN2 or CIN3).
- There is a danger that these cells can progress to cervical cancer.
- Continuous HPV infection can be found.
Benefits of LLETZ
- It is a powerful treatment for precancerous cells.
- It helps to stop the process of cervical cancer.
- Fast recovery, as most women can return to their usual activities in a few days.
What Happens After Treatment?
Recovery Process
- Light bleeding or discharge (may continue for up to 4 weeks).
- Slight cramps (like period cramps).
To Aid Healing:
- For four weeks, refrain from swimming, using tampons, having intercourse, or engaging in physically demanding activities.
- Wear pads, not tampons, if bleeding is present.
Follow-Up and Aftercare
You should usually have a repeat colposcopy or smear test after 6 months to make sure no abnormal cells remain. You should continue with routine cervical cancer screenings so you can keep an eye on the health of your cervix.
Why Early Detection Matters
The vast majority of abnormalities of the cervix are related to HPV, which is sexually transmitted. Although the majority of HPV infections resolve on their own, some high-risk strains can cause cellular changes. Key features in detecting and treating these changes early and thus reducing the risk of cervical cancer are colposcopy and LLETZ.
When to Seek Help
Call your doctor if you have:
- Excessive bleeding (soaking a pad every hour).
- Severe pain or fever (may be signs of an infection).
- Foul-smelling discharge (possible infection).
Symptom presentation at an earlier stage ensures better treatment and prevents complications.
Conclusion
Our gynaecology specialists at Chase Lodge Hospital offer skilled, individualised care for LLETZ and colposcopy procedures. If you’ve been referred for further tests or have concerns about cervical health, book a consultation today for expert guidance.
